In vitro embryo production (IVP) has become a valuable tool in bovine reproduction, enabling genetic improvement, fertility management, and large-scale embryo transfer programs. However, in vitro conditions often expose embryos to oxidative stress and suboptimal environments, which can compromise developmental competence and overall embryo quality. To address these challenges, researchers have explored the use of haptoglobin, an acute-phase glycoprotein with strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, as a supplement in embryo culture media.
Studies indicate that the addition of haptoglobin to in vitro culture systems enhances bovine embryo development by reducing oxidative stress and improving cellular homeostasis. Haptoglobin binds free hemoglobin and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby protecting embryos from oxidative damage, which is a major cause of reduced developmental potential. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory effects create a more physiological environment, supporting embryonic growth and viability.
Supplementation with haptoglobin has been associated with improved blastocyst formation rates, higher cell numbers, and better cryotolerance, suggesting enhanced embryo quality. These improvements could ultimately increase the efficiency of bovine IVP programs and contribute to better outcomes in cattle breeding.
Thus, haptoglobin emerges as a promising bioactive supplement, offering a practical strategy to optimize bovine embryo culture systems and advance reproductive biotechnology.
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